废纸回收材料化利用研究进展

简述了国内外废纸回收利用现状,重点阐述了废纸在建筑填料、制备高附加值纤维衍生物以及复合材料等方面的利用研究现状,并针对废纸材料利用过程中存在的高吸水率和弱结合界面等问题提出了相应的解决方法和研究方向。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌YU-1对水稻纹枯病的防治作用

本文旨在筛选对水稻纹枯病有生防作用的菌株,并初步探索其生防作用机理。收集水稻、甘蓝、黄瓜等不同植物根际土壤,采用稀释分离和对峙培养法筛选对水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani Kühn有抑菌作用的菌株;通过离体接种防效、盆栽防效、抑菌谱、对水稻纹枯病菌菌核萌发及形成的抑制作用等方面评价其生防潜力,并对生防菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,从采集的37份根际土壤中共分离获得细菌297株,其中4株对纹枯病菌具有较好的拮抗作用,菌株YU-1对水稻纹枯病菌菌丝生长的抑制率达89.8%;对西瓜枯萎病菌、草莓灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、油菜菌核病菌、小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制率均在85%以上;对水稻纹枯病的离体和盆栽防效分别为73.1%和66.3%;对水稻纹枯病菌菌核萌发的抑菌率在92%以上;经生理生化和分子鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。由此可看出,菌株YU-1对水稻纹枯病的防治具有较强的应用价值,具有进一步开发成生物农药的潜力。     

威宁县白萝卜优质生产技术

从播前准备、品种选择、播种方式和方法、田间管理、病虫害防治、适时收获等方面系统阐述了威宁白萝卜的优质生产技术措施，以期为广大农民朋友提供科学的技术指导和参考。     

气象因子对寒地水稻鞘腐病发生的影响

为明确主要气象因子对黑龙江省水稻主产区水稻鞘腐病发生的影响,从2007年开始连续10年进行定点调查,收集水稻鞘腐病发生时期的气象因子及病情指数,采用通径分析及逐步回归的方法,对影响水稻鞘腐病病情指数的气象因子进行了研究。结果表明,8月份的平均温度是对水稻鞘腐病影响最大的气象因子,其次为8月份的平均降雨量和9月份的平均日照时数。试验结果为适期施药防治水稻鞘腐病奠定了基础。     

Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves white matter lesions in hypertensive rats

AIM:To observe whether selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A (ETRA) improves white matter lesions (WMLs), and explore the mechanism. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats (n=33) were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=9), treatment group[stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats-modified 2 vessel occlusion (RHRSP-modified 2VO) + ambrisentan (n=12)] and placebo group[RHRSP-modified 2VO + vehicle (n=12)]. Drug and vehicle administration was performed from 17th to 20th week and monitoring of systolic arterial pressure was performed weekly. Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate the function of cognition. The protein levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the cortex, corpus callosum and caudate putamen were quantitatively analyzed respectively. The severity of WMLs and the relationship between ET-1 and vessels were observed by the method of histopathology. RESULTS:The difference of systolic arterial pressure between treatment group and placebo group was not significant. The animals in treatment group exhibited shorter escape latency (P<0.05), more times of crossing platform (P<0.05), lower level of ET-1 in corpus callosum and caudate putamen (P<0.05), respectively, improved WMLs severity (P<0.05) and lower binding level of ET-1 to vessels compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION:Selective inhibition of endothelin receptor A improves the severity of WMLs and ameliorates the cognitive function.     

A new lean no time test baking method with improved discriminating power

In response to customer concerns related to gluten strength in commercial baking, the Canadian Grain Commission assessed whether the Canadian Short Process (CSP) test bake method was generating useful data related to intrinsic strength of wheat varieties. Assessment of CSP loaf volume data for Canadian variety trials spanning 2003 to 2013 showed very little correlation with dough strength parameters as measured by farinograph and extensigraph. A lean no time (LNT) test baking method was developed that can better discriminate genotypes and provide objective indicators of the effect of intrinsic dough strength on baking quality. From early method development, through method validation and verification using diverse sets of samples targeting different Canadian wheat classes and grown in three different crop years, results showed the LNT method to be more discriminating and easily adopted by other laboratories. In 2015, the LNT method was adopted as the method of choice in future Canadian variety registration trials. The LNT method is fast, simple and well-suited to high throughput test baking conditions encountered in the evaluation of large numbers of breeder lines. A new objective parameter, loaf top ratio, was also introduced and found to correlate well with dough strength and dough handling properties.     

中国东北地区水稻纹枯病病原菌种类及融合群的分子鉴定

为明确中国东北地区水稻纹枯病病原菌种类及融合群的归属情况, 2015－2017年从黑龙江省、吉林省和辽宁省的17个水稻主产区采集水稻纹枯病标样, 分离获得水稻纹枯病菌214株, 运用水稻纹枯病菌的不同病原菌及融合群的特异性引物对214株水稻纹枯病菌进行病原菌种类和融合群鉴定, 并利用rDNA内转录间隔区(ITS)序列, 对供试水稻丝核菌的融合群归属进行了分析。结果表明:供试214株水稻纹枯病菌分属于茄丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani和水稻丝核菌Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, 菌株数分别为198株和16株, 占比分别为92.52%和7.48%。茄丝核菌菌株分属于2个融合群, 分别为AG1-IA和AG4, 菌株数分别为191株和7株, 占比分别为96.46%和3.54%。水稻丝核菌菌株均属于AG-Bb融合群, 菌株数为16株。不同年份水稻纹枯病的病原菌种类及融合群出现的频率和地域分布无明显变化, 而不同地域间水稻纹枯病病原菌的种类及融合群具有明显的分化特征, AG1-IA融合群在中国东北三省各个水稻产区均有分布且均为优势融合群, AG4融合群在辽宁省盘锦市出现频率最高, 水稻丝核菌AG-Bb融合群在吉林省吉林市、通化市和梅河口市出现频率最高。     

花期低温对水稻叶鞘生理及结实率的影响

盆栽条件下，以耐冷性不同的2个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种龙稻5（耐冷型）和龙粳11（冷敏型）为材料，于开花期在人工气候室进行低温（15℃，分别持续1，2，3，4，5 d）处理，研究开花期低温对不同耐冷性水稻结实率及叶鞘膜透性、抗氧化酶等生理指标的影响。结果表明：低温处理2 d时，龙稻5和龙粳11的花粉活力分别下降了8.21%和16.10%，差异达极显著水平；低温处理3 d后，龙稻5的结实率下降到99.90%，与CK相比差异达到显著水平；低温处理1 d后，龙粳11的结实率下降到60.04%，与对照相比差异达到极显著水平。低温处理提高了水稻叶鞘相对电导率和脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量，处理5 d时各指标达最大值，与CK相比，龙稻15和龙粳11分别提高了38.01%和20.77%、25.06%和84.85%、25.82%和23.63%。同时低温处理也提高了叶鞘超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，处理3 d时酶活性达最大值，龙稻15和龙粳11分别较CK提高了10.57%和14.90%、86.26%和68.71%、17.73%和28.25%。综上所述，开花期低温引起水稻叶鞘膜脂过氧化程度升高，但也诱导水稻叶鞘抗氧化系统开启、保护酶活性上升以抵御低温伤害；开花期低温导致水稻花粉活力降低并引起结实率降低，耐冷品种较冷敏品种抵御能力强。     

东北地区水稻纹枯病菌致病性及遗传多样性分析

为明确东北地区水稻纹枯病菌致病性及其群体遗传多样性,将2018年采自东北三省13个水稻主产区的病样分离纯化,共获得176个立枯丝核菌菌株。采用离体叶片接种法测定菌株致病力,利用SRAP分子标记技术分析其遗传多样性。致病力测定结果表明,东北三省各地区菌株致病力存在分化现象,供试的176个菌株中,强致病力菌株占全部菌株23.3%;中等致病力菌株占61.9%;弱致病力菌株占14.8%。地理来源与致病力无明显相关性。根据UPGMA聚类分析,当相似系数为0.63时,176个菌株被划分为6个类群。聚类结果与地理来源具有相关性,但与致病力无明显相关性。利用16对SRAP引物分析176个立枯丝核菌菌株遗传多样性,共得到2 237个扩增条带,多态性频率为82.16%;基因多样度(h)、Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.2827、0.4150。东北各地区立枯丝核菌群体间遗传距离与地理距离呈一定正相关。群体遗传分化系数Gst=0.3319,基因流Nm=1.0063,说明东北地区立枯丝核菌群体遗传分化度较高且群体间存在基因交流。AMOVA分析结果表明,群体内遗传分化为67.84%,遗传变异主要发生在群体内部。